With the help of some judicious simony , Giuliano was elected to succeed Pius on September 22, 1502. He spent the bulk of his time, and a great deal of papal money, on entertainments at the Villa Giulia, created for him by Vignola, but more significant and lasting was his patronage of the great Renaissance composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, whom he brought to Rome as his maestro di cappella, Giorgio Vasari, who supervised the design of the Villa Giulia, and Michelangelo, who worked there. The Farnese cardinal’s diplomatic skills made him an invaluable aid to the five pontiffs in whose election he participated—Pius III, Julius II, Leo X, Adrian VI, and Clement VII—before he himself emerged as the Roman pontiff on Oct. 13, 1534. Julius sent Cardinal Reginald Pole as legate with powers that he could use at his discretion to help the restoration succeed. Paul III died on 10 November 1549, and in the ensuing conclave the forty-eight cardinals were divided into three factions: of the primary factions, the Imperial faction wished to see the Council of Trent reconvened, the French faction wished to see it dropped. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [1], Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was born in Monte San Savino. In 1520, del Monte also became Bishop of Pavia. He was the son of a famous Roman jurist, studied jurisprudence at Perugia and Siena, and theology under the Dominican, Ambrosius Catharinus. glbtq.com. Updates? As pope, he made only reluctant and short-lived attempts at reform, mostly devoting himself to a life of personal pleasure. In the novel Q by Luther Blissett, Julius appears toward the end of the book as a moderate cardinal favouring religious tolerance, in the upheavals caused by the Reformation and the Roman Church's response during the 16th century. He was a friend of the Jesuits, to whom he granted a fresh confirmation in 1550; and through the papal bull, Dum sollicita of August 1552, he founded the Collegium Germanicum, and granted an annual income.[7]. [6], Julius increasingly contented himself with Italian politics and retired to his luxurious palace at the Villa Giulia, which he had built for himself close to the Porta del Popolo. Born at Rome, 10 September, 1487; died there, 23 March, 1555. In fulfilment of promises made in the conclave, Julius restored Parma to Ottavio Farnese a few days after his accession. Pope Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte (born 10 Sep 1487, died 23 Mar 1555) Pope of Roma {Rome} Consistory - 1536 : Created Cardinal Conclave - 1549/1550 : Participated; Elected Pope IV, (The American Philosophical Society, 1984), 603. At the Sack of Rome (1527) he was one of the hostages given by Pope Clement VII to the Emperor's forces, and barely escaped execution. E. Joe Johnson, Idealized male friendship in French narrative from the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, p69. After a career as a distinguished and effective diplomat, he was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate after the death of Paul III. From the Catholic Encyclopedia (GIAMMARIA CIOCCHI DEL MONTE). In 1492 Innocent VIII died, and Cardinal della Rovere was considered Innocent's logical successor. He was choleric but had a good-natured and forgiving disposition. Pope Julius III came to power by supporters who wished to reconvene the Council […] He was a bitter rival of Alexander VI, and by 1494, two years into the Borgia pope's reign, Giuliano left Rome, fearing for his life. Roman Catholic Diocese of Fiesole (4,509 words) exact match in snippet view article find links to article diplomatic missions, to Bologna in 1549, and to Venice in 1549–1551. [2] Pope Paul III made him Cardinal-bishop of Palestrina in 1536 and employed him in several important legations, notably as papal legate and first president of the Council of Trent (1545/47) and then at Bologna (1547/48). Julius III (1487 – 1555), was a career diplomat who became pope and head of the Papal States from 1550 until his death five years later. Pope Julius III (10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from 7 February 1550 to 1555.. Julius is the third youngest Pope to be elected at the age of 77 and the 109th from Fabria. The Venetian ambassador at that time reported that Innocenzo shared the pope's bed. After Pope Paul III’s demise, Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte was elected to the papacy and became Pope Julius III. Pope Julius III (Latin: Iulius PP. Pope Julius III (Latin: Julius Tertius; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 222nd Pope from February 1550 until his death in 1555. His election as pope and the subsequent unleashing of the Inquisition form the last chapters of the novel. Crompton, Louis (2004). Corrections? At the beginning of his pontificate Julius III had the earnest desire to … USA, 2003, Hor di questo nuovo papa universalmente se ne dice molto male; che egli è vitioso, superbo, rotto et di sua testa", Lettere di Girolamo Muzio Giustinopolitano conservate nell'archivio governativo di Parma, Deputazione di Storia Patria, Parma 1864, p. 152, See The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church – Biographical Dictionary – Pope Julius III (1550–1555) – Consistory of 30 May 1550 (I) for a summary of Innocenzo Del Monte's life based on Francis Burkle-Young and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer's authoritative biography, "The life of Cardinal Innocenzo del Monte", Ott, Michael. In 1551, at the request of Emperor Charles V, he consented to the reopening of the council of Trent and entered into a league against the duke of Parma and Henry II of France (1547–59), causing the War of Parma. Pope Julius III (; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was the head of the Catholic Church from 7 February 1550 to his death in 1555. III; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 February 1550 to his death in 1555. As a cardinal, he served as co-president of the Council of Trent in 1545, with cardinals Cervini (later Pope Marcellus II) and Pole. As a cardinal, he served as co-president of the Council of Trent in 1545, with cardinals Cervini (later Pope Marcellus II) and Pole. Thomas Beard, in the Theatre of God's judgement (1597) saying it was Julius' "custome ... to promote none to ecclesiastical livings, save only his buggerers". He was elevated to the cardinalate in December 1471 by his uncle Pope Sixtus IV. Pope Julius III : biography 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555 Shortly before his death, Julius dispatched Cardinal Giovanni Morone to represent the interests of the Holy See at the Peace of Augsburg.Kenneth Meyer Setton, The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571, Vol. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-III, The Catholic Encyclopedia - Pope Julius III. He lived mostly in a beautiful villa just outside the Porta del Popolo. Italy comprises some of the most varied and scenic landscapes on Earth and is often described as a country shaped like a boot. He came to power in 1550 and was elected as a compromise candidate between three competing factions within the conclave. This page was last edited on 5 March 2021, at 21:14. "[12][15] "The charitably-disposed told themselves the boy might after all be simply his bastard son. Pope Lucius III (c. 1097 – 25 November 1185), born Ubaldo Allucingoli, reigned from 1 September 1181 to his death.Born of an aristocratic family of Lucca, prior to being elected pope, he had a long career as a papal diplomat.His papacy was marked by conflicts with Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I, his exile from Rome and the initial preparations for the Third Crusade Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The Farnese faction, loyal to the family of the previous Pope, supported the election of Paul III's grandson, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese, and also the family's claim to the Duchy of Parma, which was contested by Emperor Charles V. Neither the French nor the Germans favoured del Monte, and the Emperor had expressly excluded him from the list of acceptable candidates, but the French were able to block the other two factions, allowing del Monte to promote himself as a compromise candidate and be elected on 7 February 1550. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He underwent temporary banishment following the murder of two men who had insulted him, and then again following the rape of two women. Pope Julius III presided over the Council of Trent from 1501 to 1550. He was educated by the humanist Raffaele Brandolini Lippo, and later studied law at Perugia and Siena. After a career as a distinguished and effective diplomat, he was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate after the death of Paul III. Burkle-Young, Francis A., and Michael Leopoldo Doerrer. One outcome of the cardinal-nephew scandal, however, was the upgrading of the position of Papal Secretary of State, as the incumbent had to take over the duties Innocenzo Del Monte was unfit to perform: the Secretary of State eventually replaced the cardinal-nephew as the most important official of the Holy See.[16]. The cardinals Reginald Pole and Giovanni Carafa warned the pope of the "evil suppositions to which the elevation of a fatherless young man would give rise". Pope Julius III (Latin: Iulius PP. Julius III’s brother legally adopted the boy when he was 17, at Julius’s insistence, endowing him with the Pope’s family name: Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte. The Borgia pope was followed by Pius III, who lived only a month after taking the chair. Pope Julius III (Latin: Julius Tertius; 10 September 1487 – 23 March 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was an Italian priest of the Roman Catholic Church and the 222nd Pope from February 1550 until his death in 1555. The ideal he set himself to realise was an existence of animal gratification untrammelled by any unpleasant duties. In Italy, it was said that Julius showed the impatience of a "lover awaiting a mistress" while awaiting Innocenzo's arrival in Rome and boasted of the boy's prowess in bed, while the Venetian ambassador reported that Innocenzo Del Monte shared the pope's bed "as if he [Innocenzo] were his [Julius'] own son or grandson. [5], Henry had threatened to withdraw recognition from the Pope if the new Pope was pro-Habsburg in orientation, and when Julius III reconvened the Council of Trent, Henry blocked French bishops from attending and did not enforce the papal decrees in France. Pope Julius III often availed himself of Jacopo Barozzi, known as il Vignola from the small town near Modena where he was born: he designed for the Pope Villa Giulia, the portico and Tempio di S. Andrea: in the following years and until his death in 1573 he was regarded as one of the leading architects. Pope Julius III (1550–1555) He was accused of having a love affair with his nephew He allegedly had a long love affair with Innocenzo Ciocchi del Monte, his adoptive nephew, which was a cause of public scandal. After the elevation of Julius to the papacy, Innocenzo Del Monte was adopted into the family by the pope's brother and, by Julius, was then promptly created cardinal-nephew. [12][13] The courtier and poet Girolamo Muzio in a letter of 1550 to Ferrante Gonzaga, governor of Milan, wrote: "They write many bad things about this new pope; that he is vicious, proud, and odd in the head",[14] and the Pope's enemies made capital of the scandal. His interest in the Society of Jesus (a religious order founded by Ignatius of Loyola) influenced him to establish the Collegium Germanicum (1552) to train German priests in Rome under the Jesuits. Julius III, original name Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, (born Sept. 10, 1487, Rome [Italy]—died March 23, 1555, Rome), pope from 1550 to 1555. Julius III, original name Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, (born Sept. 10, 1487, Rome [Italy]—died March 23, 1555, Rome), pope from 1550 to 1555. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Italy, country of south-central Europe, occupying a peninsula that juts deep into the Mediterranean Sea. Ludwig von Pastor, The History of the Popes, Germany. During his career, he distinguished himself as a brilliant canonist rather than as a theologian.[2]. At its broad top stand the Alps, which are among the world’s most…. The pope's lack of interest in political or ecclesiastical affairs caused dismay among his contemporaries. [4], At the start of his reign Julius had seriously desired to bring about a reform of the Catholic Church and to reconvene the Council of Trent, but very little was actually achieved during his five years in office. Julius showered his favourite with benefices, including the commendatario of the abbeys of Mont Saint-Michel in Normandy and Saint Zeno in Verona, and, later, of the abbeys of Saint Saba, Miramondo, Grottaferrata and Frascati, among others. Popular for his affable manner and respected for his administrative skills, he was twice Governor of Rome and was entrusted by the papal curia with several duties. During his pontificate, Catholicism was restored in England under Queen Mary in 1553. Shortly before his death, Julius dispatched Cardinal Giovanni Morone to represent the interests of the Holy See at the Peace of Augsburg. Following the death of Pope John XII on 9 March 2015, a papal conclave elected Ciano as his successor on 15 March. The pope outrageously appointed Innocenzo as “Cardinal-Nephew” and provided the boy with so many “benefices” with an income that was one of the highest in Europe. "[10], Despite the damage which the scandal was inflicting on the church, it was not until after Julius' death in 1555 that anything could be done to curb Innocenzo's visibility. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Character Analysis Pope Julius II He became papal legate for his uncle, a position that took him on diplomatic missions to France and to the papal states. [4], Julius' papacy was marked by scandals, the most notable of which is centered around the pope's adoptive nephew, Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte. "Julius III". [9] His inactivity during the last three years of his pontificate may have been caused by the frequent and severe attacks of gout. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Genealogy profile for Pope Julius III. Pope Julius II is responsible for rebuilding St Peter’s Basilica as we know it today. He was buried in Rome in the Del Monte family chapel. But, when Farnese applied to France for aid against the emperor, Julius allied himself with the emperor, declared Farnese deprived of his fief, and sent troops under the command of his nephew Giambattista del Monte to co-operate with Duke Gonzaga of Milan in the capture of Parma. However, Julius soon came to terms with the duke and France and in 1553 suspended the meetings of the council. Achievements as pope. Pope Boniface VIII (c. 1235 – 1303) Born to a minor noble family in Anagni, Italy, Benedetto Caetani … Giuliano della Rovere, who became Pope Julius II, was born in December 1443 in Albissola near Savona, Italy. Julius III was a Tuscan, which explained Cosimo de Medici's anxiety to secure his election. Shortly before his death Julius III sent Cardinal Morone to represent the Catholic interest at the Religious Peace of Augsburg. Julius III, born Giovanni Maria del Monte, Roman Catholic Pope from 1550 to 1555, was born on the 10th of September 1487. Giuliano rapidly became an influential member of the College of Cardinals and servant to both Sixtus IV and his successor, Innocent VIII. Even after Julius III suspended the Council again he proceeded to bully the pope into taking his side against the Habsburgs by threatening schism. At first, Julius seemed determined to push for church reforms he believed essential. Innocenzo del Monte was a teenaged beggar found in the streets of Parma who was hired by the family as a lowly hall boy in their primary residence,[10] the boy's age being variously given as 14, 15, or 17 years. "Pope Julius III." His patronage of Renaissance thought led him to reform the Roman University, to build the Church of St. Andrew in Rome, and to appoint Palestrina choirmaster of St. Peter’s, with Michelangelo as the church’s principal architect. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The new pope took the name of Julius III. Julius III, POPE (GIAMMARIA CIOCCHI DEL MONTE), b. at Rome, September 10, 1487; d. there, March 23, 1555. As pope, he took some half hearted stabs at reforming what had become a notoriously corrupt Catholic Church, but he much preferred to spend his time in the pursuit of pleasure. [3] Ottavio Farnese, whose support had been crucial to the election, was immediately confirmed as Duke of Parma. The new pope took the name of Julius III. Del Monte was the nephew of Antonio Maria Ciocchi del Monte, Archbishop of Manfredonia (1506–1511). Unfortunately, military and political problems led to its second suspension in 1552. In February, 1555, an embassy was sent by the English Parliament to Julius III to inform him of its unreserved submission to the papal supremacy, but the embassy was still on its journey when the pope died. He tried to use his connections in the College of Cardinals to plead his cause, but his influence waned, and he died in obscurity. Elected pope on Feb. 7, 1550, he realized that a reform of the church was urgent, and he appointed a commission that recommended resumption of the Council of Trent, which Julius reopened on May 1, 1551. His reputation, and that of the Catholic Church, were greatly harmed by his scandal-ridden relationship with his adopted nephew, Innocenzo Ciocchi Del Monte. He attempted to stop cardinals from receiving too many benefices and to restore monastic discipline. From there he passed the time in comfort, emerging from time to time to make timid efforts to reform the Church through the reestablishment of the reform commissions. Omissions? Pope Julius III approved of the idea and promised his aid, but for a long time the. 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Distinguished as a effective diplomat, he was elected to the papacy as a compromise candidate. Pope Julius III. In his early career in the Church Julius established a reputation as an effective and trustworthy diplomat, and was elected to the Papacy as a compromise candidate when the Papal Conclave found itself deadlocked between the rival French and German factions. When his uncle exchanged this see for a position as a Cardinal in 1511, Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte succeeded in Manfredonia in 1512. However, because of the greater wealth of the Spaniard Cardinal (Rodrigo) Borgia to … In fulfilment of promises made in the conclave, Julius restored Parma to Ottavio Farnese a few days after his accession. He was the son of a famous Roman jurist, studied jurisprudence at Perugia and Siena, and theology under the Dominican, Ambrosius Catharinus. Genealogy for Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, pope Julius III (1487 - 1555) family tree on Geni, with over 200 million profiles of ancestors and living relatives. As rumours began to circle about the particular relationship between the pope and his adoptive nephew, Julius refused to take advice. [11], Poet Joachim du Bellay, who lived in Rome through this period in the retinue of his relative, Cardinal Jean du Bellay, expressed his scandalized opinion of Julius in two sonnets in his series Les regrets (1558), hating to see, he wrote, "a Ganymede with the red hat on his head". He chose Julius as his papal name in honor of Pope Julius III (1940-1952). Pope Julius III Pope Julius III was elected with nowhere near the scandal, murder, or bribes of many of his predecessors. [8] In February 1555, an envoy was dispatched from the English Parliament to Julius to inform him of the country's formal submission, but the pope died before the envoy reached Rome. 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